Formula Used
Radial thickness t = (Df - Dc)/2. Cover volume = pi/4 x (Df^2 - Dc^2) x L. Material mass = density x volume. Required mass = theoretical mass x (1 + allowance/100).
Engineering Calculation Notice
Calculations are estimation tools based on the inputs, formulas and assumptions shown. Actual performance may vary depending on machine configuration, materials, loading, temperature, dynamic effects and operating environment. Final manufacturing or safety-critical decisions should be reviewed by a qualified engineer.